“Bangladesh Proposes Major Constitution Reforms”
The Constitution Reform Commission in Bangladesh has proposed significant amendments to the nation’s constitution, sparking widespread debate. The commission, formed under the interim government led by Muhammad Yunus, has recommended the removal of secularism and socialism from the constitution. The report, submitted by commission chairman Ali Riaz, suggests replacing these principles with new state ideals and restructuring the nation’s political framework.
Removal of Foundational Principles
Secularism, socialism, and nationalism, which have been integral to Bangladesh’s constitution since its inception, are proposed to be replaced by five new state principles: equality, human dignity, social justice, pluralism, and democracy. According to Ali Riaz, these principles aim to reflect the ideals of the 1971 Liberation War and the aspirations of the people during the 2024 mass movement. Among the original principles, only democracy is retained in the constitution’s preamble.
Bicameral Parliament Proposal
One of the most notable recommendations is the introduction of a bicameral parliament. The lower house, named the National Assembly, will have 105 seats, while the upper house, named the Senate, will consist of 400 seats. The commission suggests a four-year term for both houses, a reduction from the current five-year term of parliament. The National Assembly will operate on majority representation, while the Senate will be based on proportional representation.
Reintroduction of Referendums
The commission also recommends reintroducing referendums for constitutional amendments. Currently, the constitution can be amended with a two-thirds parliamentary majority. This change is intended to involve the public more directly in significant constitutional decisions.
Context of the Reforms
These proposed reforms follow a year of political upheaval in Bangladesh. Massive student-led protests in 2024 culminated in the removal of Sheikh Hasina, who had served as prime minister for over 15 years. The refusal of security forces to act against protesters marked a turning point, leading to the establishment of an interim government under Muhammad Yunus.
The nine-member Constitution Reform Commission, chaired by Professor Ali Riaz, was formed to address demands for political and constitutional reform. The commission’s report is seen as a shift in Bangladesh’s political trajectory, moving away from the centrist policies of Sheikh Hasina’s administration toward a more right-leaning approach.
Implications of the Recommendations
The proposed changes have significant implications for Bangladesh’s political landscape. The removal of secularism and socialism, in particular, signals a departure from the principles that have historically defined the nation. Critics argue that this shift could push Bangladesh toward radicalism, while proponents believe it aligns with the aspirations of the 2024 mass movement.
The proposed bicameral parliament and reintroduction of referendums could bring structural changes to the nation’s governance, potentially increasing political representation and public involvement. However, the recommendations also highlight the challenges of balancing historical values with evolving political demands.
The Constitution Reform Commission’s report represents a pivotal moment in Bangladesh’s political history. If implemented, these recommendations could reshape the nation’s identity and governance. As the interim government deliberates on these proposals, the world watches closely, recognizing the far-reaching implications of these constitutional reforms for Bangladesh’s future.
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